Sleep Health

Understanding Insomnia: Causes, Types & Evidence-Based Solutions

Comprehensive guide to insomnia including causes, different types, cognitive behavioral therapy, and when to seek professional help.

Understanding Insomnia: Causes, Types & Evidence-Based Solutions

What is Insomnia?

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting three months or more).

30%

of adults experience short-term insomnia

10%

have chronic insomnia disorder

2x

more common in women than men

Types of Insomnia

  • Sleep onset insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep initially
  • Sleep maintenance insomnia: Waking frequently during the night
  • Early morning awakening: Waking too early and can't return to sleep

Common Causes

Insomnia can be caused by stress, anxiety, depression, poor sleep habits, medications, medical conditions, or environmental factors.

Treatment Options

CBT-I: Gold Standard Treatment

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment recommended by sleep specialists. It addresses the thoughts and behaviors that prevent good sleep.

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Dr. Emily Thornwood
Written by

Dr. Emily Thornwood

Founder & Chief Sleep Scientist with Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Stanford

View all articles by Thornwood